Colon Polyps Removal in Melbourne

A colon polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue that forms on the inner lining of the large intestine (colon) or rectum. Polyps vary in size, shape, and type. Adenomatous polyps (adenomas) and sessile serrated lesions are considered precancerous and carry a risk of progressing to colorectal cancer over time if not removed. Hyperplastic polyps are generally benign and carry a low risk of malignant change, though certain subtypes require monitoring. Most polyps cause no symptoms and are identified incidentally during colonoscopy.

Most polyps are not immediately dangerous, but certain types pose a meaningful long-term risk of becoming cancerous if left untreated. The risk of malignant transformation increases with polyp size, histological type, and the presence of high-grade dysplasia. This is why the Australian bowel cancer screening programme and specialist guidelines recommend that all significant polyps be removed and the patient enter a structured surveillance programme. Removing polyps before they progress is far safer and simpler than treating colorectal cancer.

Most polyps are removed during colonoscopy using endoscopic techniques, primarily cold snare polypectomy for small polyps, hot snare polypectomy for larger pedunculated polyps, and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for large flat or sessile lesions. These are performed without surgical incisions, under conscious sedation. In rare cases where a polyp is too large or technically complex for endoscopic removal, or where the pathology indicates a higher-risk lesion, laparoscopic surgical resection may be recommended. We will advise on the most appropriate technique for your specific polyps.

The procedure is performed under conscious sedation and is generally well tolerated. You may experience some mild cramping or a sensation of pressure during the examination, but significant pain is uncommon. Most patients have no recollection of the procedure. If you have concerns about discomfort or sedation, discuss your preferences with us at the consultation.

The combined colonoscopy and polypectomy typically takes 30-60 minutes, though this can be longer if multiple or complex polyps are removed. Including admission, preparation, the procedure, and recovery from sedation, you should expect to be at the facility for approximately 3-4 hours. You will need a responsible adult to drive you home, as you cannot drive following sedation.

Polypectomy performed during colonoscopy is eligible for a Medicare rebate when clinically indicated. For patients with appropriate private hospital cover, out-of-pocket costs are typically modest and depend on your fund’s level of cover and applicable excess. For patients without private insurance, self-funded costs typically range from $1,500-$2,500 after the Medicare rebate, depending on the procedure’s complexity and the number of polyps removed. Your specific out-of-pocket costs will be confirmed in writing before your procedure. We will advise on the relevant Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) item numbers at your consultation.

New polyps can develop after polypectomy, which is why surveillance colonoscopy is an important part of ongoing care. The recurrence of polyps at the same site is uncommon when removal was complete, confirmed by pathology showing clear margins. Your surveillance interval is determined by the number, size, and histological type of polyps found. Patients with high-risk adenomas require a follow-up colonoscopy at 3 years, while those with low-risk findings are typically reviewed at 5 years. Attendance at scheduled surveillance appointments is one of the most important factors in long-term bowel cancer prevention.⁵

EMR is an advanced endoscopic technique used to remove large flat or sessile polyps that are too large for standard snare polypectomy. A saline or lifting solution is injected into the tissue beneath the polyp to create a cushion that separates it from the underlying bowel wall and enables safe resection. EMR can effectively remove polyps up to 40 mm in the hands of experienced operators, sparing many patients from surgery ^[4]. For very large or technically complex polyps, piecemeal resection using EMR may be performed across 1 or 2 sessions. Surveillance colonoscopy at 3-6 months is scheduled after piecemeal EMR to confirm complete removal.

You should go to the nearest emergency department or contact us promptly if you experience heavy rectal bleeding that does not settle, severe abdominal pain or significant abdominal distension, a fever above 38ºC, or persistent vomiting after the procedure. These symptoms may indicate a complication such as significant post-procedural bleeding or bowel perforation, which requires prompt assessment. Mild bloating, minor bleeding or spotting, or light cramping in the first 24 hours are generally expected and resolve without intervention.